Pentest es la abreviatura de Penetration Test (Prueba de Penetración, en traducción literal). Es también conocido como Prueba de Intrusión, se trata de hacer unas pruebas, como lo haría un hacker, con el objetivo de ver las vulnerabilidades existentes en la infraestructura. Estas pruebas las hacen hackers éticos que son especialistas en seguridad de la información.
Para qué se utiliza el hacking ético
El hacking ético permite hacer prevención y proteger así los equipos informáticos de una empresa. Permite anticiparse a cualquier ataque, evitándolo y reaccionando a tiempo.
A pesar de que el hacking ético realiza test y ataques de penetración en sistemas, consiguiendo averiguar sus puntos débiles para reforzar la seguridad, no es suficiente para poder mantener la ciberseguridad de una empresa en el tiempo. Las empresas deben tomar otras medidas y tenerlas al día, ya que los ciberdelincuentes encuentran nuevas formas de ataque más sofisticadas.
Objetivos principales del Hacking Ético
Las empresas obtienen muchos beneficios al usar el hacking ético para hacer Pentest que sirven para evaluar y reforzar sus sistemas de seguridad. Realizar ataques programados aporta una serie de ventajas, entre las que destacan:
- Descubrir vulnerabilidades: esta es una de las ventajas de promover hackings éticos, encontrar las vulnerabilidades del sistema informático de una empresa. El objetivo es claro, mejorar la seguridad del sistema, evitando así la intrusión de un virus.
- Reforzar los protocolos y políticas de ciberseguridad: con el hacking ético se puede evaluar la política de ciberseguridad de la empresa y el uso que le hacen los trabajadores.
- Reducción de costes de inversión: se podrá analizar la ciberseguridad de la empresa y con eso se podrán modificar las herramientas que no funcionan en el análisis de vulnerabilidades. De esta manera, se evitarán inversiones en sistemas poco eficientes o que no responden a las necesidades reales en ciberseguridad de la empresa.
- Conciencia empresarial en ciberseguridad: permite a la empresa dar lecciones de ciberseguridad a los empleados, en otras palabras, los empleados se conciencian de la necesidad de cumplir con los protocolos de seguridad y los riesgos reales de no cumplir con los mismos.
¿Por qué realizar un Pentest?
- Para conocer el estado de la seguridad de una organización.
- Para establecer un punto de partida para gestionar y definir la seguridad de la organización.
- Para mejora de la seguridad.
- Para cumplir con las normativas legales.
Tipos de pentesting
Podemos encontrar tres tipos de Pentest dependiendo de la información que poseen los auditores o hackers éticos. Los vamos a ver a continuación:
-
White box o Caja blanca
La prueba White Box o de Caja Blanca es el Pentest más completo porque parte de un análisis integral, que evalúa toda la infraestructura de red. El hacker ético acaba teniendo todo el conocimiento de toda la información esencial: IP, logings, contraseñas, etc. y con esa información la empresa ya puede tomar medidas para cubrir los fallos.
-
Black box o Caja negra
La Black Box o Caja Negra es la segunda mejor opción. El hacker ético, inicialmente, no dispone de información de la empresa y al hacer el chequeo recupera toda esa información que no está bien protegida. Se trata de un buen simulacro, ya que permite a la empresa ver la fragilidad de su sistema informático.
-
Gray Box
La Gray Box o Caja Gris es la mezcla de las dos anteriores. No dispone de mucha información para empezar. El auditor empieza la prueba de intrusión a partir de la información que posee.
Hacking ético vs. Hackeo
El Hacking ético trabaja haciendo pentest para encontrar las vulnerabilidades de seguridad que puede tener una empresa para brindar protección y seguridad a las infraestructuras digitales y a los datos confidenciales de la empresa. En cambio, el hacking es el antítesis del ético, lo que quiere es destruir y conseguir infiltrarse en los IT Services de seguridad con varios objetivos como el de robar información confidencial para pedir un rescate. Esta diferenciación es muy obvia, pero hay casos en que no lo es, como en el caso del campo político. Por ejemplo, algunos hackers enfocados en el campo político pueden perseguir objetivos éticos, pero también destructivos. En definitiva, los dos tipos de hackeos utilizan las mismas herramientas, pero tienen fines distintos.
Sabemos que en la actualidad del rol de hacking ético está muy demandado por las empresas porque la conexión a internet está al día de cualquier de ellas y como no, sus datos, sensibles ha ser robados. Por lo que deben vigilar y adelantarse a cualquier movimiento extraño para proteger y prevenir de cualquier robo, extorción, etc. hacia la empresa. De esta manera, las empresas priorizan la salud de sus sistemas para evitar cualquier mala praxis. En ese sentido, el hacking ético es una excelente estrategia comercial para prevenir y proteger a cualquier empresa o negocio de ciberataques, sobre todo, en un tiempo en que los ciberdelitos siguen en constante aumento. A través del hacking ético, las pequeñas y medianas empresas pueden tener acceso a conocimientos técnicos de ciberseguridad que no estarían a su disposición de otra manera.
Si necesitas más información sobre el Pentest para proteger tu sistema informático, no dudes en contactar con nuestro departamento comercial.¡Te resolverán cualquier duda!
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